kesedihanq...
inilah cerita hatiq,........ aq tak tau lg harus meluapkan perasaan q kemana, hnya lewat tulisan ini aq berharap luka hatiku bisa sedikit berkurang......
aq sedih jika waktu berlalu begitu cepat dan aq takut persediaan waktu untuk q semakin habis.... ya tuhan andai ada seseorang yang mau melelangkan waktunya untuk q akan q beli waktu itu dengan apapun, agar waktunya dg q tak kan pernah terlupakan......
sesibuk apapun jika dia mencintai dan menyayangi mu pasti ada waktu untuk mu akan tetapi kata2 itu hanyalah isapan jempol belaka, itu tak penah berlaku untuknya...... dia lebih mementingkan teman2nya dan slalu memberikan waktu luangnya untuk mereka, tanpa sedikit pun dia merasakan apa yang aq rasakan.... tp aq jg akan mencoba untuk tetap bertahan dan berusaha menyenangkan pikiranq bersama teman2q, walaupun satu2nya orang yang q harapkan adalah dirimu namun kau tak pernah ada untukq melainkan hanya untuk teman2mu, "bahagiakanlah orang2 yang telah menasihimu sbelum kau kehilangannya"
Sunday, December 8, 2013
Thursday, June 27, 2013
Ni dia cerpen lucu n kocak abisss..... tentang cewe' gendut yang kePDan hahahaha
Short Story: They Say I'm Fat
written by: hgs
Short Story: They Say I'm Fat
written by: hgs
Aku nggak tahu apa salahku. Aku ngerasa belakangan
ini dietku udah cukup ketat kok. Tapi kenapa sih sang pipi ini tetep
juga melar. Mana orang-orang yang ngeliatnya pada pengen nyubitin lagi.
Bikin tambah sebel. Pokoknya sebel... sebel... sebel... Sebeel banget.
Apa salahku? Hix... hix... Apa jangan-jangan salah dari turunan gen-gen
ayahanda dan ibunda tercinta yah yang bikin pipiku tembem begini. Gak
juga ah. Mereka gak gendut kok.
I don't know what my fault is. I
feel that these days I have been keeping my diet pretty tight. But how
come this my dear cheek is still stretchy. And a lot of people who take a
look at it want to pinch it. It makes me more resentful. It is
resentful... resentful... resentful... Veeeery resentful. What is my
fault? Weep... Weep... did the fault come from the descendant from my
beloved father and mother that makes my cheek really puffed-up. I don't
think so. They are not fat either.
Tapi kalo dipikir-pikir lagi kok malang juga yah
nasibku.
Aku ingat betul ketika aku masih kecil. Kira-kira seumuran lima tahun lah; saudara-saudaraku datang ke rumah. Dan mereka semua lantas begitu bahagia melihat wajahku. Bukannya apa-apa dan kenapa-napa. Mereka seperti dapet mainan baru.
Mainan apa? Apalagi kalau bukan pipiku yang menggemaskan ini. Dicubit pipi kiri, dicubit pipi kanan. Mereka sih seneng-seneng aja. Ketawa ketiwi. Nggak tahu apa bahwa yang empunya pipi ini merasakan sebuah derita lahir dan batin. Perih di pipi, perih pula di hati. Sampe akhirnya aku menangis… Huaaaaa. Mereka baru berhenti. Ganti mengelus-elus
"Cup cup anak manis jangan nangis dong."
Aku ingat betul ketika aku masih kecil. Kira-kira seumuran lima tahun lah; saudara-saudaraku datang ke rumah. Dan mereka semua lantas begitu bahagia melihat wajahku. Bukannya apa-apa dan kenapa-napa. Mereka seperti dapet mainan baru.
Mainan apa? Apalagi kalau bukan pipiku yang menggemaskan ini. Dicubit pipi kiri, dicubit pipi kanan. Mereka sih seneng-seneng aja. Ketawa ketiwi. Nggak tahu apa bahwa yang empunya pipi ini merasakan sebuah derita lahir dan batin. Perih di pipi, perih pula di hati. Sampe akhirnya aku menangis… Huaaaaa. Mereka baru berhenti. Ganti mengelus-elus
"Cup cup anak manis jangan nangis dong."
But if I really think about it again my fate was
really unfortunate.
I remembered truely when I was still small. Approximately when I was five years old; my relatives came to my house. And all of them then were so happy to see my face. Not anything and and not anywhy. They seemed like they got a new toy.
What toy? What else if not my cheek that passionated them. They pinched the left cheek, then pinched the right cheek. They were so very happy then. Laugh laugh. They did not know that the owner of this cheek felt a suffering on both the body and heart. Pain on the cheek, pain also in the heart. Until the end I cried… Huaaaaa. Only then they stopped, changed to caressing.
"Choop choop the sweet child should not cry please."
I remembered truely when I was still small. Approximately when I was five years old; my relatives came to my house. And all of them then were so happy to see my face. Not anything and and not anywhy. They seemed like they got a new toy.
What toy? What else if not my cheek that passionated them. They pinched the left cheek, then pinched the right cheek. They were so very happy then. Laugh laugh. They did not know that the owner of this cheek felt a suffering on both the body and heart. Pain on the cheek, pain also in the heart. Until the end I cried… Huaaaaa. Only then they stopped, changed to caressing.
"Choop choop the sweet child should not cry please."
Lebih parah lagi waktu aku SMA, aku inget banget ada
temanku bernama Rudi. Anak yang menurut pandanganku termasuk paling
badung satu sekolahan. Emang sih secara umum anaknya baik, gak ngerokok,
taat aturan sekolah bahkan Pancasila dan UUD’45, gak pernah bolos,
lumayan pinter dan berprestasi pula. Lha terus kenapa kok aku anggep
badung? Ya itu tuh. Dia paling demen cubitin pipiku. Aku ngelamun dikit
dicubit. Aku lengah dikit dicubit. Mana cubitannya konsekutif dan
konsekuen lagi. Setiap hari. Sehari tiga kali. Sehabis makan dan sebelum
tidur ( kok kaya minum obat aja yah ). Yaah pokoknya pada intinya
sering banget deh.
It was more serious when I was in SENIOR HIGH
SCHOOL, I remember truely that I had a friend named Rudi. A child that
according to my view is one of the naughtiest on the school.
It is indeed generally the child was good, not smoking, obeyed the
school rule and even the national ideology and national law, never
skipped class even once, moderately clever and high-achieving also.
Well then why how come I said that he is naughty?
Yes, because of that.
He liked to pinch my cheek very much.
If I daydream a little I was pinched. When
I was careless a little I was pinched. His pinches were consecutive
and consistent.
Every day.
Three times a day.
After eating and before sleeping (how come it looks like taking
medicine?).
Yeah no matter what it was really often.
Aku pikir sih ketika masuk kuliah
pengalaman-pengalaman memilukan itu akan berakhir. Apalagi kan aku masuk
ke univ yang cukup ternama. Ehem… ehem… Aku yakin deh, anaknya pasti
pinter-pinter, baik-baik, dan alim-alim. Uuuh tapi kenyataan tak seindah
impian. Temen-temen disini masih aja suka ngeledekin aku gendut. Masih
juga jahil-jahil. Untungnya sih gak ada lagi yang suka nyubit-nyubit
pipi ini. Hahaha.
Maklumlah soalnya kan aku udah beri larangan keras bagi siapapun. Termasuk sahabat-sahabat dekat. Mengagumi boleh tapi tak boleh menyentuh. Apalagi mencubit. Dilarang keras. Verboden. Tiba-tiba….
Maklumlah soalnya kan aku udah beri larangan keras bagi siapapun. Termasuk sahabat-sahabat dekat. Mengagumi boleh tapi tak boleh menyentuh. Apalagi mencubit. Dilarang keras. Verboden. Tiba-tiba….
I thought when I went to university, the
sympathetic experiences will end.
Moreover I entered to a university that was famous enough.
Ehem… ehem… I was convinced, the students were definitely very clever, well, and very devout. Ugh ugh but the reality was not as beautiful as the dream. Friends here still liked to tease that I was fat. Still were also very rascal. Fortunately there was no one that liked to pinch this cheek. Hahaha. They understand that in this matter I have given them a ban for everyone. Including close friends. They might admire me but it is not allowed to touch me. Not even pinch. Banned hard. Verboden. And suddenly….
Ehem… ehem… I was convinced, the students were definitely very clever, well, and very devout. Ugh ugh but the reality was not as beautiful as the dream. Friends here still liked to tease that I was fat. Still were also very rascal. Fortunately there was no one that liked to pinch this cheek. Hahaha. They understand that in this matter I have given them a ban for everyone. Including close friends. They might admire me but it is not allowed to touch me. Not even pinch. Banned hard. Verboden. And suddenly….
Buk!
"Adaw… "
"Pagi Gina," sapa si Yanti dari belakang dengan senyumnya yang cerah. Tanpa rasa bersalah atau berdosa seikitpun.
Duh… duh.. aduuuh…
"Kenapa, aku mukul terlalu keras yah?"
"Masih nanya lagi. Sakit tauk."
"Maap deh maap. Abis kamu juga lagian. Pagi-pagi gini udah ngelamun. Mikirin sapa tuh? Si uhuy yah…"
"Idiiih… thanks yo. Gak ada istilah uhuy-uhuyan dalam kamus gw.. "
"Yah elah pake sok-sokan."
"Adaw… "
"Pagi Gina," sapa si Yanti dari belakang dengan senyumnya yang cerah. Tanpa rasa bersalah atau berdosa seikitpun.
Duh… duh.. aduuuh…
"Kenapa, aku mukul terlalu keras yah?"
"Masih nanya lagi. Sakit tauk."
"Maap deh maap. Abis kamu juga lagian. Pagi-pagi gini udah ngelamun. Mikirin sapa tuh? Si uhuy yah…"
"Idiiih… thanks yo. Gak ada istilah uhuy-uhuyan dalam kamus gw.. "
"Yah elah pake sok-sokan."
Bam!
"Ouch..."
"Morning, Gina," Yanti greets me with his bright smile. Without any feeling of guilty or sinful.
Ouch.. ouch... a-ouch..
"Why, did I hit you very hard?"
"No question asked. Very painful you know!"
"Sorry, sorry. It is your fault anyway. Even on a morning you were daydreaming. Who were you thinking about? The Uhuy guy?"
"Oh no!!!!, very thanks to you. No meaning of Uhuy in my dictionary.."
"How come you are putting on airs."
"Ouch..."
"Morning, Gina," Yanti greets me with his bright smile. Without any feeling of guilty or sinful.
Ouch.. ouch... a-ouch..
"Why, did I hit you very hard?"
"No question asked. Very painful you know!"
"Sorry, sorry. It is your fault anyway. Even on a morning you were daydreaming. Who were you thinking about? The Uhuy guy?"
"Oh no!!!!, very thanks to you. No meaning of Uhuy in my dictionary.."
"How come you are putting on airs."
Sebenernya si uhuy yang dimaksud tak lain dan tak
bukan adalah Gunawan, seorang cowo yang juga sejurusan dengan mereka.
Sebenernya sih tuh cowo biasa aja. Bener-bener biasa deh. Semuanya
biasa. Rambut biasa, mata biasa, wajah biasa, senyum biasa, pinternya
juga biasa. Cuma satu yang luar biasa ..... garingnya luar biasa.
Kadang2 sih aku suka sempet sebel dibuatnya. Tapi di satu sisi dia bisa
ngertiin aku apa adanya. Jadi hati ini gak jadi sebel lagi deh. Jadi
luluh, adem ayem deh dibuatnya.
In fact the Uhuy meant actually is Gunawan, a
person that is also in the same course with them.
In fact the boy is a normal boy. Very truly normal.
All are normal.
Normal hair, normal eyes, normal face, normal smile, the cleverness is
also normal.
Only one is extraordinary....
His lameness is extraordinary.
Sometimes I am resentful because of him.
But on one hand he can accept me the way I am.
So this heart become not resentful again.
I am crushed, cool and calm because of him.
Belakangan ini si Gunawan itu emang lagi deket ama
aku. Gak tahu juga deh kenapa bisa begitu. Sehingga mulailah beredar
kabar-kabar tidak sedap di kalangan mahasiswa. Isu-isu dan gossip yang
tak jelas dari mana asal mulanya. Parah deh. Padahal bener deh aku dan
si Gunawan itu cuma temen biasa. Ndak ada apa-apa, ataupun
gimana-gimana. Sueer….
In recent times the Gunawan guy is actually very
close to me. I don't know why could be like that.
So not-nice news are beginning to circulate in between students.
Rumours and unclear gossips which I don't know where are their origin
at first.
Seriously.
In fact it is true that I and the Gunawan guy are only normal friends.
Nothing happened, or whatever it is. I swear...
Masalahnya kekuatan gossip itu uda lebih kuat.
Jadilah malah tuh cowo bisa sampe dapet titel uhuy. Sebagai info,
sebenarnya kata uhuy itu dianugrahkan sebagai kata ganti orang ketiga
tunggal bagi orang yang lagi dalam proses PDKT. Nah, sebutan kata uhuy
untuknya menandakan dia lagi PDKT ama aku. Apa bener sih begitu? Mana
aku tahu… dan lagian mana aku tempe?
The problem is that gossip power even much
stronger. Therefore, that guy even get title: uhuy. For your
information, uhuy is stated for a third singular person representative
on a guy which is in "approaching" process. So, the uhuy statement show
that he is in process of approaching me. Is it true? Who knows?
Kalo emang bener begitu rasanya sih gak sepenuhnya
bener deh. Coba aja lihat tingkahnya. Dia toh kayanya emang bergaul
dengan cara yang serupa dengan segala macem temen cewenya. Kadang-kadang
rada usil pula. Ah, dasar laki-laki. Untung dia gak suka usilin aku
dengan pipiku yang menggemaskan ini. Kalo gak bisa sudah hancur
berkeping-keping persahabatan yang aku bangun dengannya selama ini.
I think it’s not necessarily true. Look at his
behavior. He talk and behave in the same way with all his friends
(girl). Sometimes, a bit naughty. Ah, damn guy. Fortunately, he doesn’t
like to pinch my cheek, otherwise our good relationship which is
maintained so far will be destroyed.
Tapi aku toh cuek-cuek aja ah. Dia toh juga sering
cuek ama aku. Emang sih kadang-kadang jadi perhatiaaan buanget, tapi
kadang-kadang cuek juga. Aku bingung deh. Kata temen-temen sih
sebenernya dia itu suka sama aku. Kalo di sinetron-sinetron remaja masa
kini sih disebutnya jatuh cinta githu.
However, I just don't ignore. He also does the
same thing to me. Sometimes, reaallyyyy care, sometimes he is ignorant.
I’m confused. My friends said that he likes me. In teenagers telenovela,
it is said as fall in love.
Yah kalo emang bener githu sih ya ga pa pa. Soalnya,
benernya aku juga lumayan simpatik kok sama dia. Ramah, baik,
perhatian. Yah meski emang garingnya parah sih. Tapi okelah. Yang paling
penting. Ia gak suka ngatain aku gendut. Dan gak suka nyubitin pipi.
If it is true, it’s ok for me. Coz actually I
also quite put a symphaty to him. He is cheerful, kind, caring. Even
though he is lame. Sooo lame. But it’s ok. The most important thing, he
doesn’t say I am fat, and he doesn’t pinch my cheek.
Suatu ketika Gunawan mengajakku makan siang bareng.
Yah, aku sih oke oke aja. Kenapa tidak? Sekalian kan aku bisa pinjem
catetan lecturenya kemaren. Maklumlah kemaren aku ketiduran. Lagi
kebanyakan pikiran. Cieeh kayak orang penting aja. Hohoho….
Kami duduk, diam, dan tenang. Sebelum kami sempet order makanan, Gun mulai membuka pembicaraan lebih awal….
Kami duduk, diam, dan tenang. Sebelum kami sempet order makanan, Gun mulai membuka pembicaraan lebih awal….
One day, Gunawan ask me to have lunch together. I
am ok to his offer. Why not? I can also borrow his lecture note for
yesterday lesson. I was sleeping in lecture theatre yesterday. So many
think and stuff… Like a businessman you know. Hohohoho...
We sit, be quiet, and calm. Before we order the food, Gun starts to speak:
We sit, be quiet, and calm. Before we order the food, Gun starts to speak:
"Gina, aku tahu pipimu tembem."
"Grrr, apaan sih. Terus kenapa?"
Aku sebel. Aku pikir dia bener-bener ngertiin aku, ternyata dia juga bilang aku gendut. Tidaaak… Kenapa mesti ada satu orang lagi yang mesti mengungkapkan “fakta" itu kepadaku.
"Banyak orang bilang pipi tembem itu gak begitu bagus."
"Iyah, aku emang jelek, " kataku cemberut. Sensi.
"Tapi…. " kata Gun lagi…
"Tapi apa?! seruakku dengan sewot…. Sebel sebel…
"Ups, kamu marah ya?" Tanya Gun dengan muka melas nan memprihatinkan. Ngeliat mukanya aku pun luluh.
"Nda... nda pa pa. Kenapa sih Gun?"jawabku dengan rileks
"Tapi, tapi… aku… aku mau ngomong sesuatu ama kamu Gin. Penting.." kata Gun sambil menundukkan wajahnya. Entah dia malu atau takut... atau sungkan?
"Grrr, apaan sih. Terus kenapa?"
Aku sebel. Aku pikir dia bener-bener ngertiin aku, ternyata dia juga bilang aku gendut. Tidaaak… Kenapa mesti ada satu orang lagi yang mesti mengungkapkan “fakta" itu kepadaku.
"Banyak orang bilang pipi tembem itu gak begitu bagus."
"Iyah, aku emang jelek, " kataku cemberut. Sensi.
"Tapi…. " kata Gun lagi…
"Tapi apa?! seruakku dengan sewot…. Sebel sebel…
"Ups, kamu marah ya?" Tanya Gun dengan muka melas nan memprihatinkan. Ngeliat mukanya aku pun luluh.
"Nda... nda pa pa. Kenapa sih Gun?"jawabku dengan rileks
"Tapi, tapi… aku… aku mau ngomong sesuatu ama kamu Gin. Penting.." kata Gun sambil menundukkan wajahnya. Entah dia malu atau takut... atau sungkan?
"Gin, I know your cheek is stretchy."
"Grrr, so what?"
I am angry. I think he really can understand me. But he also said I am fat. Nooo, why must there be one more person who reveal that “fact" to me?
"Many people said that stretchy cheek is not so good."
"Yeah, I am ugly," I said frownly. Sensitive.
"But…" Gun says again.
"But what?’ I say angrily. Resentful… resentful.
"Ups, are you angry? Gun asked melancholicly. Seeing his face, I melt.
"nooo… no problem? What’s wrong, Gun?" I ask relaxly.
"but… I… I want to say something to you Gin. Important," Gun said bowing down his face. Either he is shy or scary?
"Grrr, so what?"
I am angry. I think he really can understand me. But he also said I am fat. Nooo, why must there be one more person who reveal that “fact" to me?
"Many people said that stretchy cheek is not so good."
"Yeah, I am ugly," I said frownly. Sensitive.
"But…" Gun says again.
"But what?’ I say angrily. Resentful… resentful.
"Ups, are you angry? Gun asked melancholicly. Seeing his face, I melt.
"nooo… no problem? What’s wrong, Gun?" I ask relaxly.
"but… I… I want to say something to you Gin. Important," Gun said bowing down his face. Either he is shy or scary?
Deg! Jantungku berdegup kencang. Dan makin lama
makin kencang. Aku ndak tahu perasaan aneh apa yang ada pada diriku
sekarang. Aaaargh mana mungkin. Mana mungkin. Darahku berdesir makin
kencang. Dag dig dug. Kenapa dengan diriku? Masa Gun bisa membuat aku
begini?
Deg! My heart beats very fast. And become faster
and faster. Aaargh impossible. Impossible. My blood flows quicker.
What’s wrong with me? Why can Gun make me like that?
Ia melanjutkan kata-katanya… masih dengan
terbata-bata…
"Aku…. aku…"
"Apa?"
"Boleh gak Gin aku?"
"Aku…. aku…"
"Apa?"
"Boleh gak Gin aku?"
He continues his statement… still with tremble…
"I…. I…"
"What?"
"Gin, could I...?"
"I…. I…"
"What?"
"Gin, could I...?"
Pikiranku makin melayang nda karu2an. Sampai2 aku
lupa kalo tujuan awal ke kantin ini adalah untuk makan siang. Hmmm, apa
mungkin sih kata teman2nya selama ini benar? Gun selama ini diam2….
aaargh, wajahku memerah, tapi aku nda mau Gun tahu. Kalo sebenernya...
Jangan dulu. Aku tundukkan wajahku. Rasanya ia akan mengatakan kata itu.
Ya pasti ia akan mengatakan kata itu…
My thought flies away. I almost forget that I go
here to have lunch. Is it true that his friends gossip about Gun is
true? Gun so far… without any words… Arrgh… my face turn red, but I
don’t want Gun knows. That the truth… Don’t
I bow down my face. I feel that he will say that word. Ya confirmed that he will say that word...
I bow down my face. I feel that he will say that word. Ya confirmed that he will say that word...
"Gin, aku….. boleh pinjem duit dulu nda? Duitku
habis. "
"Gin, could I borrow your money? I don’t have
anything left." :D :D :D
FUNCTION WORDS AND CATEGORIES OF MEANING
A. Definition
According to Richard Nordquist, “function word is a word that expresses a grammatical or structural relationship with other words in a sentence”. It means that function words are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning, but instead serve to express grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker.
Words that are not function words are called content words (or open class words or lexical words or autosemantic words): these include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and most adverbs, although some adverbs are function words (e.g., then and why). Dictionaries define the specific meaning of content words, but can only describe the use general usages of fuctiion words. By contrast, grammar describe the use of function words in detail, but treat lexical words in general terms only.
Fuction words might be preposition, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, conjuctions, grammatical articles or particles, all of which belong to the group of closed-class words. Function words belong to the closed class of words in grammar in that it is very uncommon to have new function words created in the course of speech, whereas in the open class of words (that is nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs) new words may be added readily.
The following is a list of the kind of words considered to be function words:
Prepositions : about, in, of, from, for, at, along, etc.
Articles : the and a
Pronouns : inflected in English, as he – him, she – her, etc.
Conjunctions : uninflected in English, as and, but, after, so, how,if, etc.
Auxiliary verbs : can, may, might, could, must, shall, will, etc.
Adverbs : here, there, today, tomorrow, now, then, etc.
1. Tense and Modality
The category tense refers to both word meaning and clause meaning. Modality or mood is a category through which speakers can convey their attitude towards the truth or reliability of their assertions (Epistemic Modality) or can express obligation, permission, or suggestion (Deotic Modality).
Examples:
Epistemic modality
She has probably left town by now. (probability)
She has left town by now. (assertion)
They may come to the party (possibility)
Deotic modality
He must come tomorrow. (command)
They may take the disher away. (permission)
You should come to his house. (suggestion)
You must go to library tomorrow. (obligation)
2. Reference
In semantics, reference is generally construed as the relationships between noun phrases and their referents. For example, there is a difference in the two sentences below:
“The teacher teachs in the classroom”.
“A teacher teachs in the classroom”.
The articles “the” and “a” show different reference. The first belong to a “definite” teacher, while the second refer to an “indefinite” teacher.
3. Deixis
According to Richard Nordquist, “deixis is a word (such as this, that, these, those, now, then) that points to the time, place, or situation in which the speaker is speaking”. The term deixis applies to the use of expressions in which the meaninig can be traced directly to features of the act of utterance – when and where it take place, and who is involved as speaker and as addressee. In their primary meaning, for example, now and here are used deictically to refer respectively to the time and place of the utterance.
Kinds of Deixis
a) Personal Deixis
Personal deixis concern itself with the grammatical persons involved in an utterance. They are comments or questions about the speaker, the listener or the third person (the person whom both the speaker and the listener is talking about). In English, the distinctions are generally indicated by pronouns.
For example:
I (speaker)
You (listener)
We, They (plural)
He, She, It (singular)
b) Spatial Deixis
Spatial deixis or place deixis, concerns itself with the spatial locations relevant to an utterance. Similarly to person deixis, the locations may be either those of the speaker and addressee or those of persons or objects being referred to. The most salient English examples are the adverbs “here” and “there” and the demonstratrives “this” and “that” although those are far from being the only deictic words.
Examples:
I enjoy living in this city.
Here is where we will place the statue.
She was sitting over there.
c) Temporal Deixis
Time deixis or temporal deixis concerns itself with various times involved in and referred to in an utterance. This includes time adverbs like “now”, “then”, “soon”, and so forth, and also different tenses. A good example is the word “tomorrow”, which denotes the consecutive next day after every day. The “tomorrow” of a day last year was a different day from the “tomorrow” of a day next week.
Tenses are generally separated into absolute (deictic) and relative tense. So, for example, simple English past tense is absolute, such as in “He went to Jogjakarta last week”.
d) Textual Deixis
Textual deixis or discourse deixis refers to the use of expressions within an utterance to refer to parts of the discourse that contains the utterance – including the utterance itself. For examples:
This is a great story : this refers to an upcoming portion of the discourse.
That was an amazing day. : that refers to a prior portion of the discourse.
REFERENCES
Blog.proesl.com/2009/12/accent
Chomsky, N (1986) Barriers. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 13, MIT Press.
Richard Nordquist, About.com Guide.
A. Definition
According to Richard Nordquist, “function word is a word that expresses a grammatical or structural relationship with other words in a sentence”. It means that function words are words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning, but instead serve to express grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker.
Words that are not function words are called content words (or open class words or lexical words or autosemantic words): these include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and most adverbs, although some adverbs are function words (e.g., then and why). Dictionaries define the specific meaning of content words, but can only describe the use general usages of fuctiion words. By contrast, grammar describe the use of function words in detail, but treat lexical words in general terms only.
Fuction words might be preposition, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, conjuctions, grammatical articles or particles, all of which belong to the group of closed-class words. Function words belong to the closed class of words in grammar in that it is very uncommon to have new function words created in the course of speech, whereas in the open class of words (that is nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs) new words may be added readily.
The following is a list of the kind of words considered to be function words:
Prepositions : about, in, of, from, for, at, along, etc.
Articles : the and a
Pronouns : inflected in English, as he – him, she – her, etc.
Conjunctions : uninflected in English, as and, but, after, so, how,if, etc.
Auxiliary verbs : can, may, might, could, must, shall, will, etc.
Adverbs : here, there, today, tomorrow, now, then, etc.
1. Tense and Modality
The category tense refers to both word meaning and clause meaning. Modality or mood is a category through which speakers can convey their attitude towards the truth or reliability of their assertions (Epistemic Modality) or can express obligation, permission, or suggestion (Deotic Modality).
Examples:
Epistemic modality
She has probably left town by now. (probability)
She has left town by now. (assertion)
They may come to the party (possibility)
Deotic modality
He must come tomorrow. (command)
They may take the disher away. (permission)
You should come to his house. (suggestion)
You must go to library tomorrow. (obligation)
2. Reference
In semantics, reference is generally construed as the relationships between noun phrases and their referents. For example, there is a difference in the two sentences below:
“The teacher teachs in the classroom”.
“A teacher teachs in the classroom”.
The articles “the” and “a” show different reference. The first belong to a “definite” teacher, while the second refer to an “indefinite” teacher.
3. Deixis
According to Richard Nordquist, “deixis is a word (such as this, that, these, those, now, then) that points to the time, place, or situation in which the speaker is speaking”. The term deixis applies to the use of expressions in which the meaninig can be traced directly to features of the act of utterance – when and where it take place, and who is involved as speaker and as addressee. In their primary meaning, for example, now and here are used deictically to refer respectively to the time and place of the utterance.
Kinds of Deixis
a) Personal Deixis
Personal deixis concern itself with the grammatical persons involved in an utterance. They are comments or questions about the speaker, the listener or the third person (the person whom both the speaker and the listener is talking about). In English, the distinctions are generally indicated by pronouns.
For example:
I (speaker)
You (listener)
We, They (plural)
He, She, It (singular)
b) Spatial Deixis
Spatial deixis or place deixis, concerns itself with the spatial locations relevant to an utterance. Similarly to person deixis, the locations may be either those of the speaker and addressee or those of persons or objects being referred to. The most salient English examples are the adverbs “here” and “there” and the demonstratrives “this” and “that” although those are far from being the only deictic words.
Examples:
I enjoy living in this city.
Here is where we will place the statue.
She was sitting over there.
c) Temporal Deixis
Time deixis or temporal deixis concerns itself with various times involved in and referred to in an utterance. This includes time adverbs like “now”, “then”, “soon”, and so forth, and also different tenses. A good example is the word “tomorrow”, which denotes the consecutive next day after every day. The “tomorrow” of a day last year was a different day from the “tomorrow” of a day next week.
Tenses are generally separated into absolute (deictic) and relative tense. So, for example, simple English past tense is absolute, such as in “He went to Jogjakarta last week”.
d) Textual Deixis
Textual deixis or discourse deixis refers to the use of expressions within an utterance to refer to parts of the discourse that contains the utterance – including the utterance itself. For examples:
This is a great story : this refers to an upcoming portion of the discourse.
That was an amazing day. : that refers to a prior portion of the discourse.
REFERENCES
Blog.proesl.com/2009/12/accent
Chomsky, N (1986) Barriers. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 13, MIT Press.
Richard Nordquist, About.com Guide.
Novel Rosemary's Baby (reading report)
Title: Rosemary’s Baby, by Ira Levin
- Levin graduated from the Horace Mann School and New York University, where he majored in philosophy and English.
- After college, he wrote training films and scripts for television.
Other books include This Perfect Day, The Boys from Brazil, and The Stepford Wives.
Genre: Novel (Horor)
218 pages
Difficulty :
- Language : There are many difficult vocabulary for me such as elephantine, floundered, flourescent, tubing, conscientious, etc.
Complicated sentence: There are some complicated sentence that so difficult to understand like “I don’t see a resemblance at all.”
- Point of view : The third person, flash-progresif plot.
Key elements of the plot
Introduction
Rosemary and Guy Woodhouse are a young married couple who rent a old apartment in the gothic and splendorous Bramford building in Manhattan.
Conflict
That evening, Minnie drops by to give them some chocolate mousse--or mouse as she calls it. Rosemary complains of a chalky undertaste, but Guy gets angry over her ingratitude. She eats part of it, and then furtively hides the rest in her napkin. Suddenly feeling disoriented, she passes out and has a nightmare. She feels inhuman brutally rapes her.
Climax
She suspects Roman, Minnie and all their all-too-helpful friends are Satan worshipers. Next, Rosemary persuades Dr. Hill to see her. When she reveals her suspicions to him, he seems to take her seriously, and he gives her a sedative to help her sleep, but she is horrified when she awakens and find that Guy and Dr. Sapirstein have arrived to take her back home. Rosemary tries to fight them off and she goes into labor. They have to force her down on her bed, while Sapirstein injects her with something to make her sleep. When she wakes, Guy tells her she has had a boy and that he's fine. But later, Sapirstein tells her that the baby is dead. She knows they have taken the baby, and she thinks they are planning to sacrifice it for one of their rituals.
Resolution
She sees the baby for the first time, horrified that the baby has strange eyes. "He has his father's eyes," Roman tells her, and the coven tells her that Satan is the baby's father, not Guy. Guy tells her that he made an agreement with the coven to allow them to impregnate Rosemary with the spawn of the Devil in exchange for a successful acting career. At the beginning she was shock, but maternal instincts win out, and the story ends as she looks the baby and sings to him.
Reaction:
- I enjoy to read this novel because this novel told about mystery or satan.
- I didn’t read another book by Ira Levin
- I recommended Rosemary’s baby to read by my classmate because this novel tells the story of a father who sacrifice his son to Satan/devil for his business career.
- My favorite parts of novel
When Rosemary know her baby is not normal or the baby has an eyes’s father she was shock, but maternal instincts win out, and the story ends as she looks the baby and sings to him.
- My favorite characters
Rosemary, because she could accept her baby although her baby was not normal.
- I haven’t experiences like this book
- Large issues that are dealt with this novel is horror/ mystic.
- Levin graduated from the Horace Mann School and New York University, where he majored in philosophy and English.
- After college, he wrote training films and scripts for television.
Other books include This Perfect Day, The Boys from Brazil, and The Stepford Wives.
Genre: Novel (Horor)
218 pages
Difficulty :
- Language : There are many difficult vocabulary for me such as elephantine, floundered, flourescent, tubing, conscientious, etc.
Complicated sentence: There are some complicated sentence that so difficult to understand like “I don’t see a resemblance at all.”
- Point of view : The third person, flash-progresif plot.
Key elements of the plot
Introduction
Rosemary and Guy Woodhouse are a young married couple who rent a old apartment in the gothic and splendorous Bramford building in Manhattan.
Conflict
That evening, Minnie drops by to give them some chocolate mousse--or mouse as she calls it. Rosemary complains of a chalky undertaste, but Guy gets angry over her ingratitude. She eats part of it, and then furtively hides the rest in her napkin. Suddenly feeling disoriented, she passes out and has a nightmare. She feels inhuman brutally rapes her.
Climax
She suspects Roman, Minnie and all their all-too-helpful friends are Satan worshipers. Next, Rosemary persuades Dr. Hill to see her. When she reveals her suspicions to him, he seems to take her seriously, and he gives her a sedative to help her sleep, but she is horrified when she awakens and find that Guy and Dr. Sapirstein have arrived to take her back home. Rosemary tries to fight them off and she goes into labor. They have to force her down on her bed, while Sapirstein injects her with something to make her sleep. When she wakes, Guy tells her she has had a boy and that he's fine. But later, Sapirstein tells her that the baby is dead. She knows they have taken the baby, and she thinks they are planning to sacrifice it for one of their rituals.
Resolution
She sees the baby for the first time, horrified that the baby has strange eyes. "He has his father's eyes," Roman tells her, and the coven tells her that Satan is the baby's father, not Guy. Guy tells her that he made an agreement with the coven to allow them to impregnate Rosemary with the spawn of the Devil in exchange for a successful acting career. At the beginning she was shock, but maternal instincts win out, and the story ends as she looks the baby and sings to him.
Reaction:
- I enjoy to read this novel because this novel told about mystery or satan.
- I didn’t read another book by Ira Levin
- I recommended Rosemary’s baby to read by my classmate because this novel tells the story of a father who sacrifice his son to Satan/devil for his business career.
- My favorite parts of novel
When Rosemary know her baby is not normal or the baby has an eyes’s father she was shock, but maternal instincts win out, and the story ends as she looks the baby and sings to him.
- My favorite characters
Rosemary, because she could accept her baby although her baby was not normal.
- I haven’t experiences like this book
- Large issues that are dealt with this novel is horror/ mystic.
Sinopsis novel Rosemary's Baby
SINOPSIS NOVEL ROSEMARY'S BABY
One day in the laundry room, Rosemary makes the acquaintance of Terry Gionnoffrio a young former drug addict who was "rescued from the gutter" by an elderly, eccentric couple, Roman and Minnie Castevet. The Castavets's apartment had formerly been the front part of theirs, but is now separated by apartition.
Her friendship with Terry is short-lived. A few days after Rosemary meets her, Terry plunges to her death from the bay window. She and Guy are walking home when they see the police surrounding Terry's corpse. The Castavets happen to be walking home, too. Presumably distraught, they strike up an acquaintance with the Woodhouses and later invite them to dinner. Rosemary becomes suspicious about their new elderly friends, particularly the way that Roman insists on speaking with Guy in private. Other things trouble her, too, such as when Guy's career gets a jump start when his main rival, Donald Baumgart, suddenly goes blind. Now all he cares about is his new play.
Suddenly, Guy decides to become a father. Rosemary is thrilled.
That evening, Minnie drops by to give them some chocolate mousse--or mouse as she calls it. Rosemary complains of a chalky undertaste, but Guy gets angry over her ingratitude. She eats part of it, and then furtively hides the rest in her napkin. Suddenly feeling disoriented, she passes out and has a nightmare. She feels inhuman brutally rapes her. "This is no dream!" she cries. "This is really happening!"
When she wakes up, Rosemary is sore and scratched. Guy half-heartedly apologizes for having had her while she was out. Rosemary is angry, but "baby night" later proves successful. Dr. C.C. Hill referred to her by her girlfriend Elise Dunstan confirms it.
As her pregnancy progresses, Rosemary feels a mounting sense of dread and angst. What is wrong with her? Why won't anyone acknowledge it? She decides to throw a party for her young friends, a qualification she insists upon. Her girlfriends--including Elise, Joan Jellico and Tiger Hoanigsen tell her she looks awful and that her pain is far from normal. She has to see a new doctor. Rosemary tells Guy, and they fight bitterly over it. But at the last minute she relents. The pain has suddenly stopped. And now she can feel the baby kicking.
Rosemary's friend Hutch drops by for a visit; Roman and Minnie spot him, and suddenly Guy arrives home unexpectedly, as if they'd phoned him and urged him to rush back to the apartment. Hutch asks a lot of questions of Roman and Guy, and before he leaves the apartment, he realizes he's misplaced one of his gloves. Later, Hutch falls into a mysterious coma and dies. Rosemary receives a book from Hutch's companion, Grace Cardiff, which Hutch had intended to give to Rosemary personally. It's called "All of Them Witches," a study on witchcraft through the ages, featuring a chapter on Adrian Marcato and his son, Steven. "The name is an anagram," is the final clue Hutch had left for her. Rosemary uses her Scrabble tiles to learn the horrible truth: Roman Castevet is Steven Marcato.
Now she suspects Roman, Minnie and all their all-too-helpful friends are Satan worshipers. She visits Dr. Sapirstein and tells him she'll have no more to do with them. It's just as well, Sapirstein informs her: Roman is dying and would like to go away to Europe on a farewell tour. Rosie feels guilty about her suspicions, and when the time comes, bids them a fond farewell.
But not all is what it seems. As her due date--June 28, 1966--nears, she learns one strange thing after the other. Could it be that Guy is involved with witches? Witches use babies for their rituals. Has he promised them the baby? She also learns that witches use the belongings of their intended victims to blind or kill them. On a hunch, she contacts Guy's former rival, Donald Baumgart, and gets him to reveal that Guy swapped ties with him just before he went blind.
Distraught, Rosemary packs a suitcase and goes to Dr. Sapirstein to tell him what she's learned. But his secretary's off-hand remark reveals something horrible--the good doctor sometimes smells like tannis root, which she has learned is more commonly called Devil's Pepper. Dr. Sapirstein is a witch, too. He must be part of the plot against her. Next, Rosemary persuades Dr. Hill to see her. When she reveals her suspicions to him, he seems to take her seriously, and he gives her a sedative to help her sleep, but she is horrified when she awakens and find that Guy and Dr. Sapirstein have arrived to take her back home. She manages lock them out of the apartment, but before she can call for help, Guy and the others appear in the apartment, having entered by some other means. Rosemary tries to fight them off and she goes into labor. They have to force her down on her bed, while Sapirstein injects her with something to make her sleep.
When she wakes, Guy tells her she has had a boy and that he's fine. But later, Sapirstein tells her that the baby is dead. The coven members sit with Rosemary, collecting her breast milk, and she thinks she can hear a baby crying through the walls of the apartment. She knows they have taken the baby, and she thinks they are planning to sacrifice it for one of their rituals. Rosemary arms herself with a sharp butcher knife and finds the partition between her apartment and the apartment of the Castavets. Removing the closet interior, she finds the hidden doorway to the other apartment and goes inside. She discovers the entire coven sitting in the living room around a bassinet, including Minnie and Roman. There are others there, too, that Rosemary does not recognize, people that seem to have come from as far away as Japan. She approaches the bassinet and sees the baby for the first time, horrified that the baby has strange eyes. "He has his father's eyes," Roman tells her, and the coven tells her that Satan is the baby's father, not Guy. Guy tells her that he made an agreement with the coven to allow them to impregnate Rosemary with the spawn of the Devil in exchange for a successful acting career. Rosemary spits in his face. Now totally beaten, she collapses into a chair and Minnie brings her a cup of tea. Roman speaks more gently to her and encourages her to be the baby's mother, and although she hesitates at first, her maternal instincts win out, and the story ends as she rocks the baby's cradle and sings to him.
Thursday, June 20, 2013
STEP-STEP CARA MEMBUAT BLOG
1. Enter the address blogspot.com dan klik sign up
3. Masukkan kata sandi yang sudah tersedia
4. Maka akan muncul tampilan seperti ini, choose add photo profil -> next step
5. Maka akan muncul tampilan seperti ini pilih back to blogger
6. Selanjutnya, klik continue blogger
7. Edit title -> pilih template -> create blog
8. Klik create new post
9. Tulis apa yang ingin kalian posting, -> klik publish
10. Jadi deh..... maka tampilan blog kalian akan seperti ini
HAPPY LEARNING ^_^v
TUTORIAL WONDERSHARE QUIZ CREATOR
1. Buka aplikasi quiz creator, dan pilih create a new quiz
2. Kemudian pilih template sesuai keinginan -> save
4. Double klik untuk memilih type soal, tulis pertanyaan , jawaban -> ok
example True/ false question :
5. Sebelum penyimpanan klik preview
6. Untuk menyimpan klik publish -> pilih CD/ -> ok
HAPPY LEARNING ^-^v
Merekam suara dengan adobe audition
MEREKAM SUARA MENGGUNAKAN
ADOBE AUDITION C.s. 55
1. Persiapkan peralatan yang akan kita gunakan untuk rekaman, diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut:
a. Laptop / Netbook / PC
b. Adobe Audition Cs.5.5 (sudah terinstall)
c. Headset / Microphone
2. Jika semua peralatan sudah tersedia, langkah selanjutnya
adalah pasangkan jack mic dan speaker ke port yang ada
di laptop saudara, untuk yang menggunakan head set
standart (seperti pada contoh diatas) masukkan jack
speaker ke port speaker, dan jack mick ke port mic.
Jika muncul tampilan box seperti ini cukup centang pada pilihan “Don’t show this alert again” dan pilih No
3. Sekarang buka Software Adobe Audition saudara, kemudian pilih File – New – Audio File (Ctrl+Shift+N).
4. Akan muncul tampilan box New Audio File sebagai berikut, Ganti File Name dengan nama Rekaman Suara seperti pada contoh gambar disamping ini, untuk Sample Rate, Channels dan Bit Depth biarkan terisi sesuai dengan default nya.
5. Selanjutnya kita mulai merekam suara kita, pastikan program sudah tersetting dengan benar, untuk itu kita coba terlebih dahulu dengan cara klik pada tombol Record
Note: Jika setting audio saudara sudah benar maka akan muncul graphic hijau sesuai dengan suara yang anda rekam, tetapi jika seting audio device belum benar maka akan muncultampilan sebagai berikut:
Maka yang harus kalian lakukan adalah, masuk ke Start Windows - Control Panel – Sound,
Kemudian pilih Recording – Properties – Advanced – ganti Default Format menjadi :
2 channel, 16bit, 44100 Hz (CD Quality) kemudian akhiri dengan klik Apply- OK.
Note :
Untuk setting Sample Rate dan Bit Depth ini harus sama antara format awal recording dengan Default Format pada audio Windows.
6. Setelah proses diatas selesai, maka restart Adobe Audition saudara,dan buka lagi, kemudian ulangi langkah 3 – 5 diatas, maka sekarang Adobe Audition sudah siap digunakan untuk rekaman suara.
7. Sekarang kalian sudah dapat merekam suara menggunakan Headset / Microphone untuk membuat materi listening sendiri, gunakan menu effect untuk membuat hasil suara rekaman anda menjadi lebih manarik lagi.
Happy Learning ^_^
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